Cystoscopy and endoscopic procedures in children

What is cystoscopy?

Cystoscopy is an examination of the urethra and bladder from the inside, done by passing a very thin camera (cystoscope) through the urethra into the bladder. There are special small instruments for children that can be used even in newborns.

Cystoscopy is used both for diagnosis and for incision-free treatment.

Which procedures are done?

• Cutting the posterior urethral valve (ablation). In boys, the membrane blocking the urethra is cut. More: posterior urethral valves.
• Ureterocele incision. A small opening is made in the cyst-like swelling at the end of the ureter. More: ureterocele.
• Gel injection for reflux. More: endoscopic injection.
• Stent placement and removal (for example, after pyeloplasty).
• Opening a narrowing of the urethra.
• Botulinum toxin injection into the bladder (in neurogenic bladder).
• Diagnostic examination: blood in the urine, recurrent infections, suspected anatomical problems.

How is the procedure done?

• Under a short general anesthetic in children.
• There is no incision.
• 10–45 minutes, depending on what is done.
• The child usually goes home the same day.

Afterward

• For 1–2 days, there may be mild burning when passing urine and a little blood in the urine.
• Plenty of fluids.
• If there is a fever, the child cannot pass urine or there is a lot of blood, see a doctor.